While the drone of cicadas defines summer for many, the specific trees these insects target reveal a sophisticated relationship between insect and plant. Understanding what trees do cicadas like is essential for homeowners concerned about noise, for arborists managing tree health, and for anyone interested in the delicate balance of local ecosystems. The selection process is not random; cicadas actively seek out specific species that provide the ideal environment for egg-laying and nymph development.
The Physiology of Tree Selection
Cicadas rely heavily on xylem sap, the fluid transported from roots to leaves, to regulate their water balance. Consequently, trees with high sap flow and specific mineral profiles are significantly more attractive to these insects. The choice is a calculated one, driven by the biological needs of the nymphs that emerge and feed on these roots for years before surfacing. Not all trees produce sap with the correct chemical signature or flow rate required for successful cicada habitation.
Preferred Hardwood Species
Deciduous hardwoods are the primary targets for cicadas across North America. These trees offer the structural strength and sap quality necessary to support the long nymph stage and the energy-intensive emergence process. Orchards and established urban landscapes often bear the brunt of this preference, as these environments mimic the mature forests where the insects evolved.
Oak trees, including white, red, and live varieties, are among the most favored hosts.
Fruit trees such as apple, cherry, and peach are highly susceptible due to their manageable size and sap quality.
Maple species, including sugar maple and red maple, provide an excellent environment for cicada larvae.
Willow trees are frequently utilized, likely due to their soft wood and high moisture content.
The Role of Tree Age and Health
Age is a critical factor in cicada selection. Younger trees often lack the sufficient root mass required to sustain a full nymph cycle, while extremely old trees may have declining sap flow. Cicadas typically target trees that are mature enough to have a robust root system but not so old that their vascular systems are compromised. The health of the tree also dictates its vulnerability; stressed trees are often avoided unless the population density is exceptionally high.
Conifers Generally Avoided
Unlike hardwoods, most coniferous trees are largely ignored by periodical cicadas. The resin or sap found in pines, spruces, and firs acts as a natural defense mechanism, trapping and killing the insects' eggs. This biological resistance protects the conifer but effectively excludes these specific insects from the ecosystem of that tree type, highlighting the selectivity of the cicada's arboreal preferences.
