When students and career changers explore higher education in finance, a common question arises regarding the specific title of the qualification. The answer is not a single word but a spectrum of degrees that culminate in the vital function of managing financial records. Understanding what an accounting degree is called requires a look at the hierarchy of academic titles, from foundational undergraduate programs to advanced doctoral research. This field of study is formally recognized by several names, each indicating a different level of expertise and professional qualification.
Associate and Bachelor's Level Designations
At the entry level, the journey often begins with an Associate of Science in Accounting or an Associate of Applied Science in Accounting Technology. These two-year programs provide the fundamental skills necessary for entry-level bookkeeping or auditing clerk positions. Students learn the basics of financial transactions, tax preparation, and the structure of ledgers. Moving up the ladder, the most common undergraduate qualification is the Bachelor of Science in Accounting or Bachelor of Business Administration with a major in accounting. This four-year degree satisfies the educational requirements to sit for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam in most jurisdictions, marking the standard pathway for a professional career in the field.
Distinguishing BBA vs. BS in Accounting
Within the bachelor's level, prospective students often debate the merits of a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) versus a Bachelor of Science (BS). A BBA in accounting typically includes broader general business courses, such as marketing, management, and organizational behavior, providing a holistic view of how companies operate. Conversely, a BS in accounting focuses more intensely on the technical aspects of the discipline, with a heavier curriculum in mathematics, statistics, and advanced accounting theory. Both degrees are valid, but the choice depends on whether a student seeks a broader business perspective or a deep technical specialization.
Graduate and Professional Credentials
For those seeking to advance their careers, leadership roles, or eligibility for the CPA license, a graduate degree is essential. The standard advanced qualification is a Master of Science in Accounting (MSA) or a Master of Accountancy (MAcc). These programs are designed for students who already hold a bachelor's degree, often in a non-accounting field, to fulfill the 150 semester hours of education required for the CPA exam. Alternatively, the Master of Business Administration with a concentration in accounting offers a blend of high-level management education and specialized financial knowledge, catering to those aiming for executive tracks.
Master's Degree Variations
The distinction between an MSA and an MAcc lies primarily in their structure and intent. The Master of Science in Accounting is usually a terminal degree for those entering academia or specialized research roles, focusing heavily on the theoretical and regulatory aspects of the science. The Master of Accountancy, however, is often a terminal professional degree aimed at preparing students for the practical demands of senior accounting or auditing positions. Both degrees signal a high level of competency and are crucial stepping stones for licensed professional practice.
Doctoral and Specialized Paths
At the highest academic level, the field diverges into research and specialized practice. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Accounting is a research-oriented degree for individuals who wish to contribute to the academic body of knowledge, teach at the university level, or engage in theoretical research regarding financial reporting and auditing standards. Conversely, a Doctor of Education (EdD) in Accounting Leadership focuses on the practical application of accounting principles within educational and administrative settings. For those interested in the legal intersection of finance, a JD/MBA dual degree or a specialized Master of Laws in Taxation (LLM) represents the pinnacle of credentials for tax advisory and compliance.
