Understanding what water resistant means for a watch is essential for anyone who owns or is considering purchasing a timepiece designed for everyday wear. This designation indicates the level of protection a watch has against the ingress of water, and it is far more complex than simply being waterproof. A water resistant watch is engineered to handle moisture, whether from daily washing, unexpected rain, or specific aquatic activities, but the limits of this protection require careful attention.
Decoding the Standards: ATMs and Bar Ratings
The most common method of measuring water resistance is through ATMs (atmospheres) or bar ratings, which are often stamped on the case back or listed in the specifications. These numbers provide a standardized way to understand the pressure a watch can withstand. A 3 ATM or 3 bar watch, for example, is typically suitable for daily wear and splashes, while a 10 ATM model is designed for swimming and snorkeling. It is important to note that these ratings are based on static pressure in a laboratory setting and do not always translate directly to the dynamic pressures experienced during active water sports.
The Reality of Water Pressure
Water pressure increases significantly with depth, meaning that the pressure experienced while swimming is different from the pressure felt when a watch is stationary under a testing nozzle. Moving your hand through water while swimming creates additional force that can force water into a case more easily than simply submerging a stationary watch. Consequently, a watch rated for 10 ATM is not necessarily safe for all water activities, and the specific guidelines provided by the manufacturer should always be the primary reference point for usage.
The Critical Role of Seals and Gaskets
The physical integrity of a water resistant watch relies on a network of seals and gaskets made from rubber or silicone that compress to fill gaps where water could enter. The crown, crystal, and case back are the primary locations where these components are utilized. Over time, these seals can degrade due to exposure to chemicals, temperature fluctuations, and general wear and tear, compromising the watch's ability to keep water out. Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure these barriers remain effective throughout the life of the timepiece.
Certain activities and environmental factors pose a significant risk to water resistance, even for watches with higher ratings. Exposure to hot showers, saunas, and steam rooms is particularly damaging because the heat can cause the seals to expand and allow steam to penetrate the case. Similarly, harsh chemicals found in soaps, shampoos, and pool chlorine can break down the gaskets. It is also a misconception that water resistance is permanent; without proper care and periodic servicing, the protection level of any watch will diminish.
Best Practices for Water Resistant Watches
To maintain the water resistance of a watch, specific precautions should be taken as part of a regular care routine. Always ensure the crown is screwed down completely if the watch has a screw-down mechanism, especially before exposing it to water. Rinsing the watch with fresh water after exposure to salt water or chlorine helps prevent corrosion. Additionally, having the watch professionally tested for water resistance every one to two years, or immediately after the crown has been manipulated, is a reliable way to catch potential issues before they lead to expensive damage.
When to Seek Professional Help
If moisture appears inside the crystal, it is a clear indicator that the water resistance has been compromised. This fogging usually occurs when warm air inside the watch cools down and condenses, meaning that external moisture has found a way in. In such instances, it is vital to avoid heating the watch to remove the fog, as this can cause further damage. Instead, consulting a professional watchmaker is the safest course of action to dry the movement and inspect the seals without risking the internal components.
