Wheat midds, often encountered in agricultural markets and feed catalogs, are a valuable byproduct of the wheat milling process. Understanding what wheat midds are reveals their significance as a nutrient-dense ingredient used primarily in livestock feed and ruminant nutrition. This material is not a waste product but a carefully categorized fraction of the wheat kernel, offering a balance of energy, protein, and fiber that complements other feedstuffs.
Definition and Milling Origin
At its core, wheat midds are the product of separating the edible wheat endosperm from the bran and germ layers. When wheat enters a mill, it undergoes a meticulous process of cleaning, tempering, and grinding. The midds consist of the coarser particles that fall between the sieves designed to extract fine flour. Essentially, they are the intermediate fractions that contain portions of the aleurone layer and the inner bran, creating a granular material with distinct physical and nutritional properties.
Nutritional Composition
The nutritional profile of wheat midds makes them a preferred choice for formulators designing rations for cattle, sheep, and horses. They provide a moderate energy level derived from starch and fiber, which is lower than corn but higher in fiber than many grains. The protein content is generally in the range of 12 to 16 percent, contributing to the total protein needs of the animal. Importantly, they offer a good source of phosphorus and certain B vitamins, although their calcium content is relatively low, necessitating supplementation in balanced diets.
Key Nutrients at a Glance
Physical Forms and Grading
Producers encounter wheat midds in various physical forms, which are determined by the fineness of the milling process. The terms "fine," "medium," and "coarse" describe the particle size and density of the material. Coarse midds contain larger, more fibrous particles that promote chewing and saliva production, which is beneficial for rumen health in cattle. Fine midds, resembling a rough flour, are more palatable and easier to mix into pelleted feeds, though they may be more prone to dust.
Applications in Livestock Feed
In the realm of animal agriculture, wheat midds serve as a functional ingredient that addresses multiple needs. For dairy cows, they provide a source of fiber that supports rumen fermentation without overwhelming the diet with excessive starch, which can cause acidosis. In beef cattle, they are used to increase energy density cost-effectively. Horse feeders utilize midds to add bulk and fiber to concentrates, while swine and poultry diets may include them in moderation to provide texture and fiber, though these species digest the starch less efficiently than ruminants.
Economic and Storage Considerations
The market price of wheat midds is typically favorable compared to cereal grains, making them an economical choice for large-scale operations. Their value is often calculated on a "per pound of dry matter" basis relative to corn. Storage is generally straightforward, as they are stable if kept dry; however, they require protection from moisture to prevent mold growth. Their dusty nature necessitates proper handling equipment to minimize respiratory irritation for workers and animals.
