The mohair animal refers to the Angora goat, a distinct breed of domestic goat prized for its luxurious coat of fiber. This animal is the sole source of mohair, a silk-like textile material known for its sheen, durability, and warmth. Unlike wool, mohair is a protein fiber that is both lightweight and resilient, making it a highly sought-after commodity in the global textile industry.
Origin and Historical Significance
The history of the mohair animal dates back to the Ankara region of Turkey, where the breed was developed centuries ago. The name "Angora" is derived from this city, while "mohair" is believed to have originated from the Arabic word for goat, "mukhayyar." These goats were a closely guarded secret of the Ottoman Empire until the 16th century, when they were exported to Europe, specifically to France and later to South America.
Global Distribution and Modern Farming
Today, the mohair animal is farmed worldwide, with South Africa and the United States being the top producers. Texas and California in the US have climates similar to the goats' native Turkey, allowing for large-scale mohair production. South Africa accounts for the majority of global supply, contributing a significant portion of the fiber used in high-end fashion. Other regions, including Australia and New Zealand, also maintain smaller but viable herds.
Physical Characteristics and Biology
Visually, the mohair animal is quite distinct from other goats. They are generally larger and have a more uniform body structure. Their most notable feature is their coat, which consists of three types of fiber: guard hair, mohair, and kemp. Responsible shearers ensure that the valuable mohair—the soft, fine undercoat—is collected, while the coarser guard hair is separated for industrial uses such as upholstery.
Economic and Textile Value
The fiber harvested from the mohair animal is celebrated for its unique properties. It is exceptionally strong, often outlasting wool, and has a natural sheen that gives fabrics a luxurious appearance. The fiber is also elastic, wrinkle-resistant, and retains heat effectively. These qualities make mohair a premium fiber used in sweaters, suits, blankets, and high-quality upholstery, commanding a higher price point than standard wool or synthetic alternatives.
Animal Welfare and Sustainable Practices
Modern ethical considerations have led to significant improvements in the care of the mohair animal. In the past, concerns regarding the welfare of goats during shearing—specifically the practice of "painful shearing"—led to public scrutiny and retailer boycotts. In response, certification programs like "Responsibly Grown Mohair" have been established. These programs ensure that farms adhere to strict standards regarding animal handling, space allowances, and veterinary care, promoting a more humane and sustainable supply chain.
Care and Maintenance of the Fiber
Textile products made from the fiber of the mohair animal require specific care to maintain their quality. Due to the smooth cuticles of the fiber, mohair can be prone to slipping in knitting or weaving, and it may felt easily if not handled properly. Dry cleaning is often recommended for garments to preserve the sheen and prevent shrinkage. For home care, gentle hand washing in cold water with mild detergent is advised to keep the fabric looking new.
