When browsing grocery store shelves or scanning menu descriptions, you have likely encountered both names for the same nut: hazelnut and filbert. Are hazelnuts filberts? The short answer is yes, they are two names for the fruit of the same tree, specifically the species Corylus avellana . The naming convention depends on geography, harvest timing, and historical linguistics, but the nut itself is identical.
The Origin of the Names: Filbert vs. Hazelnut
The terminology debate between filbert and hazelnut centers on language roots and the agricultural calendar. The word "hazel" is derived from the Old English word "hæsel," which simply refers to the tree. Consequently, the nut from the hazel tree became known as the hazelnut. The name "filbert" is believed to have originated from the Old French "filbert," which some sources claim was named after Saint Philbert, as the nut harvest traditionally began around his feast day in August. However, a more practical theory suggests the name comes from the Old German word "fili," meaning "many," referring to the heavy clusters the tree produces.
Botanical and Agricultural Distinctions
While the names are often used interchangeably, there is a subtle distinction recognized by growers and botanists. Generally, if the husk of the nut is long and encloses the nut entirely, it is referred to as a filbert. In this variety, the nut only peeks out slightly from the husk. If the husk is short and does not fully enclose the nut, exposing it clearly, it is classified as a hazelnut. This difference is primarily cosmetic; the taste profile and nutritional content remain the same regardless of the husk length.
Corylus Avellana: The Common Hazel
The most common variety found in markets is Corylus avellana . This species is responsible for the majority of commercial nut production in Europe and North America. Whether labeled filbert or hazelnut, the kernels inside are rich in healthy fats, protein, and vitamins, making them a popular choice for snacking and culinary applications. The trees are hardy and thrive in temperate climates, producing a crop of nuts annually once they reach maturity.
Global Market and Consumer Confusion
The interchangeable use of the terms has led to significant confusion in the global marketplace. In the United States, the marketing name "filbert" was largely phased out after a crop failure in the 1980s and the subsequent rebranding effort to associate the nut with the popular region of Oregon. Today, the packaging predominantly uses "hazelnut" to align with international standards and consumer recognition. Conversely, in countries like the United Kingdom and Canada, the term "filbert" remains a common, accepted label on store shelves, creating a linguistic divide for international trade.
